Annotation is the action of passing a Candidate Instance through a Schema Type (identified with a name in a set of of Schema Documents) and recursively:
annotating an object or an array with the current Schema Type as well as determining against which Schema Type the object pair values or array members will be annotated.
casting an atomic to the current Schema Type.
Note that this action is independent of Validation: The two actions can be performed in tandem but they are not required. As the Validation action, the Annotation action takes a Candidate Instance, a Type (typically, a set of Schema Documents and the name of a Type defined in one of them) and results in a set of annotations on the Instance that describe the Types which the nested Instances match. This action also works on Instances that validate partially. When a Type cannot be found that matches a given nested Candidate Instance, a special annotation is used.
